Improvement in steaivi-pumps



.|. W. HANDREN.

Steam-Pumps.

A Patented Feb. 4,1873.

3m? @den MWKMM f y gi M35i JOHN V. IIANDREN, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW' JERSEY.

IMPRGVEVIENT IN STEAM-PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 35,426, dated February 4, 1873.

'1"0 alt whom fit may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN YV. HANDREN, ot' Jersey City, in the State of N ew Jersey, have invented certain Improvements relating to Steam -Pumps, ot' which the following is a specification My improvement allows the using of steam more economically than in ordinary steampumps, and allows the working either with great rapidity or very slowly, and always reliably or without danger of stopping.

I employ two steam cylinders and pistons coupled to the same shaft and operating on a single pump, the'motion being regulated by a fly-wheel.

The following is a description of what I consider the best means of carrying out the invention. The accompanying drawing forms a part of this specification.

Figure lis a general perspective view. Figs. 2 and 3 are cross-sections through the steam end ot' the apparatus. They show theparts in two conditions. Fig. 2 shows the apparatus adjusted for the use ot' steam directly from the boiler in each cylinder. Fig. 3 shows the apparatus adjusted for receiving steam directly into one cylinder, and exhausting it therefrom through a chamber into the steam-chest of the other after the manner of what is known as compound engines,77 or "Woolt engines.77 Fig. 4 is an outline diagram, showing the provisions for workin g the valves.

Similar letters of reference indica te like parts in all the figures.

A is a rigid framework or bed-casting. A single pump with suitable appurtenances, valves, air-chamber, connections, &c., being tirmly attached, as will be understood, is sut'- ticiently indicated in the drawing, and inasmuch as no peculiarities therein form any part of the present invention need not be designated further than by the single letter B. I employ two steam-cylinders, d and D, the cylinder D being of larger size than the other. In the cylinder d works a corresponding piston connected by a piston-rod, c1, to a suitable cross-head, c2, and acting through a connecting-rod, c3, upon a crank tixed on the main shaft E, which runs in bearings firmly supported on the bed-plate, as will be understood. In the larger cylinder D operates a correspondingly-larger piston, similarly connected through a piston-rod and a cross-head, andthrough a connecting-rod, G3, to a crank on the main shaft E, which stands quartering to the other. This constitutes the steam port-ion of the apparatus a compound engine when the steam is admitted directly only into the smaller cylinder d, and a double engine when the steam is admitted into both. The pump-rod bis directly in line with the piston-rod G1, connected with the piston ot' the largest cylinder D. The .force exerted by the large piston acts directly on the pump. The force exerted by the small piston acts through the circuitous route of the main shaft to assist the working of the pump. The piston of the small cylinder is producing its maximum effect when that of the large cylinder is at the end of its motion, or on its dead-point. The small cylinder may be considered either as intended mainly to assist the large cylinder over its center, and "avoid the possibility of the pump stopping at the end of its stroke, or as constituting, with the other, a double engine or compound engine,

in which both cylinders contribute nearly equally to the useful eifect.

rlhe relative powers dependmuch on the proportions and on the conditions under which they are operated. I prefer that the cylinder D shall be about twice the capacity of the cylinder d, but the proportions may vary within a wide range. It' the difference is much greater, the value of the smallv cylinder becomes very little 'when both engines are working with live steam 5 but it becomes very great when working as a compound engine. My experiments have developed no inconvenience from the circuitous application of the power of the small cylinder.

I can apply any ordinary or suitable cut-ott' mechanism to the valves for introducing the steam, but have represented a very simple connection from eccentrics through rockershafts operating slide-valves, each with a liberal amount ot lap. The slide-valve of the small engine is marked g, and that of the large engine G. I is the steam-pipe; and l1 I2 are screw-valves, which control the introduction of the steam. The valve I1 only being opened (and the other valves correspondingly adjusted) the engine isa compound engine, with both valves I1 I2 wide open (and the other valves correspondingly adjusted) the apparatus becomes a double engine. J is a valve, controlled by the lever K and a suitable connecting-rod, which opens or closes the communication between the intermediate chamber M and the steam-chest of the large cylinder D. T is an exhaust-passage, which exhausts from the large cylinder D. This should be opened under all ordinary circumstances, though I have provided a valve which may close it, if desired. Another exhaust-passage, t, exhausts, when desired, from the intermediate chamber M, and is controlled by a valve, t', which should be open whenever the apparatus is worked as a double engine, and closed whenever it is worked as a compound engine. rEhe pump being assumed to be double acting, a tly-wheel of only moderate weight is sufficient to insure a steady motion.

The machine when adjusted as a compound engine will consume less steam for a given amount of work than any other steam-pump within my knowledge; and when adjusted as a double engine may be depended upon to perform either rapidly or slowly, and to start in all positions without any attention. It may be worked in the bottom of mines or in places which have become difficult of access, controlled only by an additional valve, not represented.

In order to facilitate the change from a double engine to a compound engine and back again, the valye J should be some ofthe forms ot' balanced valves. It may be a balance-poppet or a balanced slide. Thus arranged it is easy to effect the change of condition by operating from a distance, through wire or other' suitable connections, on the lever or operating means. I propose that the parts shall be so proportioned to the resistance and to the or' dinary pressure of the steamthat the machine shall work successfully as a compound enginev after it has once started; but it may be frequently necessary, even with the most successful proportions to change it to the double-encylinder arranged to be operated thereby, as

herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto. set my hand this 10th day of December, 1872, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JNO. W. HANDREN.

Vitnesses:

WM. (l. Dnv, ARNOLD HRMANN. 

